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Bhardwaj, S.
- The Clinical Study of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Describing Spectrum of Involvement of Joints in Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors
1 Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research and Sharda Hospital, Gr. Noida, IN
2 Department of Anatomy, PIMS Jalandhar, IN
3 CHC- Majitha, Amritsar, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 5, No 3 (2014), Pagination: 286-291Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis is well documented but poorly understood disease known to mankind from the dawn of civilisation. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs, but principally attacks flexible (synovial) joints. RA usually affects joints on both sides of the body equally. Wrists, fingers, knees, feet, and ankles are the most commonly affected. The disease often begins slowly, usually with only minor joint pain, stiffness and fatigue. About 1% of the world's population is afflicted by rheumatoid arthritis, women three times more often than men. Onset is most frequent between the ages of 40 and 50, but people of any age can be affected. In addition, individuals with the HLA-DR1or HLA-DR4 serotypes have an increased risk for developing the disorder. It can be a disabling and painful condition, which can lead to substantial loss of functioning and mobility if not adequately treated.Keywords
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Synovial Joints, Joint Pain
- Variation in the Mode of Origin and Level of formation of Sural Nerve
Authors
1 Anatomy, PIMs Jalandhar, IN
2 Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research and Sharda Hospital, Noida, IN
3 CHC- Majitha, Amritsar, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 5, No 3 (2014), Pagination: 324-327Abstract
Variations of nerve are not only of anatomic and embryological interest but also of clinical importance. Their adequate knowledge will help in increasing surgical precision and decreasing morbidity. In present study variations in mode of origin and level of formation of sural nerve was studied. The material for the present study comprised of 60 lower extremities belonging to 30 adult human cadavers obtained from Deptt. of Anatomy, GMC, Amritsar. The sural nerve was identified and its mode of origin and level of formation was studied. In present study, sural nerve was formed by union of medial sural nerve (from tibial nerve or from nerve to medial head of gastrocnemius) and lateral sural nerve (from common peroneal nerve) in 83.33% limbs. It was formed by medial sural nerve alone in 15% limbs. In 1.67% medial and lateral sural nerve were separate. The site of formation was in middle 1/3rd of leg in 20% limbs and distal 1/3rd of leg in 80% limbs.
The sural nerve is usually used as grafting material. So these described variations are helpful for planning operative approaches that minimise risk of sural nerve injury. Moreover the anatomic course of nerve in distal leg and ankle makes it susceptible to local trauma and also to increased risk of injury during surgical intervention at ankle.